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The ''Cypria'' ( ''Kypria''; Latin: ''Cypria'') is an epic of ancient Greek literature, which has been attributed to Stasinos of Cyprus and was quite well known in the Classical period〔Herodotus (ii.117) refers to it.〕 and fixed in a received text, but which subsequently was lost to view. It was part of the Epic Cycle, that is, the "Trojan" cycle, which told the entire history of the Trojan War in epic hexameter verse. The story of the ''Cypria'' comes chronologically at the beginning of the Epic Cycle, and is followed by that of the ''Iliad''; the composition of the two was apparently in the reverse order. The poem comprised eleven books of verse in epic dactylic hexameters. ==Date and authorship== The ''Cypria'', in the written form in which it was known in classical Greece, was probably composed in the late 7th century BCE,〔"An indication that at least the main contents of the ''Cypria'' were known around 650 BCE is provided by the representation of the Judgment of Paris on the Chigi vase" (Burkert 1992:103). On the proto-Attic ewer of ca. 640 BCE called the (Chigi "vase" ), Paris is identified as ''Al()ros'', as he was apparently called in ''Cypria''.〕 but there is much uncertainty. The Cyclic Poets, as the translator of Homerica, Hugh G. Evelyn-White noted〔In his Preface to ''Hesiod, The Homeric Hymns, and Homerica''〕 "were careful not to trespass upon ground already occupied by Homer," one of the reasons for dating the final, literary form of ''Cypria'' as post-Homeric, in effect a "prequel". "The author of the ''Kypria'' already regarded the ''Iliad'' as a text. Any reading of the ''Kypria'' will show it preparing for events for (specifically) the ''Iliad'' in order to refer back to them, for instance the sale of Lykaon to Lemnos or the kitting out of Achilles with Briseis and Agamemnon with Chryseis".〔Ken Dowden, "Homer's Sense of Text" ''The Journal of Hellenic Studies'' 116 (1996, pp. 47-61). p 48, noting that the observation had been made by Eric Bethe, in ''Homer: Dichtung und Sage II: Odysee, Kyklos, Zeitbestimmung'', 1922:202.〕 A comparison can be made with the ''Aithiopis'', also lost, but which even in its quoted fragments is more independent of the ''Iliad'' as text. The stories contained in the ''Cypria'', on the other hand, were fixed〔W. Kullmann's term ''Faktkanon'', the "canon of facts" is useful in distinguishing fixed narrative content— the list and sequence of facts— from fixed, canonic texts.〕 much earlier than that, and the same problems of dating oral traditions associated with the Homeric epics also apply to the ''Cypria''. Many or all of the stories in the ''Cypria'' were known to the composer(s) of the ''Iliad'' and ''Odyssey''. The ''Cypria'', in presupposing an acquaintance with the events of the Homeric poem, in the received view thus formed a kind of introduction to the ''Iliad''〔''Encyclopaedia Britannica'', 1911: "Stasinus"〕 though there is an overlap in events from the death of Palamedes, including the catalogue of Trojan allies.〔J. Marks, "The Junction between the Kypria and the Iliad" ''Phoenix'' 56.1/2 (Spring - Summer, 2002:1-24).〕 J. Marks observes that "Indeed, the junction would be seamless if the ''Kypria'' simply ended with the death of Palamedes." (p. 2). The title ''Cypria'', associating the epic with Cyprus,〔Burkert, (Burkert 1992:103) noting Mesopotamian parallels, concludes "these observations must then point to that epoch when Cyprus, though rich and powerful, was still formally under Assyrian domination".〕 demanded some explanation: the epic was said in one ancient tradition〔Recorded in John Tzetzes' ''Chiliades'' xiii.638.〕 to have been given by Homer as a dowry to his son-in-law, a Stasinus of Cyprus mentioned in no other context; there was apparently an allusion to this in a lost Nemean ode by Pindar. Some later writers repeated the story. It did at least serve to explain why the ''Cypria'' was attributed by some to Homer and by others to Stasinus. Others, however, ascribed the poem to Hegesias (or Hegesinus) of Salamis in Cyprus or to Cyprias of Halicarnassus (see Cyclic poets). It is possible that the "Trojan Battle Order" (the list of Trojans and their allies, of ''Iliad'' 2.816-876, which forms an appendix to the "Catalogue of Ships") is abridged from that in the ''Cypria'', which was known to contain in its final book a list of the Trojan allies. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cypria」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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